| Abstract | Recent advances in 3D printing technologies and polymer materials have opened new possibilities in various engineering
fields, including the defense industry. Among these developments, the concept of 3D printed ammunition has attracted
growing attention due to its low cost, rapid prototyping potential, and material flexibility. However, this trend is also
raising concerns regarding the reliability, safety, and possible misuse of such ammunition, especially given the limited
research available in this domain. In this study, several series of bullet projectiles were produced using an FDM 3D printer
with PLA filament, designed according to NATO standards and integrated into live 9×19 mm ammunition. An experiment
was conducted to evaluate firing reliability, weapon function, and target penetration behavior using a wooden board as a
simplified terminal medium. All shots were successfully fired and analyzed in terms of operational consistency and
penetration depth. Based on the experimental results, a preliminary analytical model was developed to support future
research and enhance the predictive understanding of such projectiles. The results indicate promising potential for further
development of 3D printed ammunition, with practical implications for both research and controlled applications.
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